Assessment of Differential Expression of Progesterone Receptors A B in Endometriosis Undergoing IVF Treatment: A Personalized Approach for Better IVF Success

Objective: Estrogen and Progesterone hormones play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Endometriosis. In the present study, relative quantification of PR-A and PR-B expression in eutopic endometrial tissue and endometriotic implants was done. By examining their expression profiles, we aim to gain deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms that can influence IVF success or failure in endometriotic patients. Our study also observed certain ART outcomes in both endometriosis and control groups, to evaluate the IVF success rate. Methods: This study was conducted at MHRT, a tertiary care center, and referral centers from other hospitals. The research encompassed an examination of 125 cases of infertility spanning from January 2019 to January 2023. Finally, biopsy samples were collected from 60 patients with endometriosis during laparoscopic procedures, while control biopsy samples were gathered from 18 patients who exhibited no signs of endometriosis lesions during the same laparoscopic procedures. The biopsy samples were then sent for Progesterone assay and later evaluated for ART outcomes. Results: It was observed from the results of our study that there was a significant downregulation of PR-A in stage III, and IV compared to Stage I and II. However, there was no significant change in PR-B expression in grades I and II, III and IV. Our study also observed certain ART outcomes in both endometriosis and control groups, revealing that women with endometriosis have lower chances of achieving pregnancy than women with other causes of infertility (95% CI, 22/60 vs. 12/18, p-value = 0.024). Conclusion: Our study results shed light on the complex role of progesterone isoforms in endometriosis. Progesterone receptor-A significant downregulation in severe cases challenges existing paradigms and opens new avenues for research.