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Predicting and Reducing Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)

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  • Harold I. Zeliger

Abstract

All pharmaceutical drugs (PDs) have Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with their use in some individuals. ADRs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in those using (PDs). It is well known that the number and severity of ADRs associated with the use of PDs are elevated by a number of parameters including age, gender, genetic makeup, polypharmacy, exposure to organic solvents, alcohol, tobacco or recreational drug use, diet, chronic inflammation, preexisting disease and ongoing emotional stress. All the parameters responsible for ADRs also increase oxidative stress (OS) as reflected by the Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). The OSI is hypothesized here to predict the likelihood and severity of ADRs.

Suggested Citation

  • Harold I. Zeliger, 2019. "Predicting and Reducing Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)," European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, European Open Science, vol. 1(4), September.
    • Handle: RePEc:epw:ejmed0:v:1:y:2019:i:4:id:40091
    DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2019.1.4.91
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    1. Annette Fisseler-Eckhoff & Holger Bartsch & Rica Zinsky & Joachim Schirren, 2011. "Environmental Isocyanate-Induced Asthma: Morphologic and Pathogenetic Aspects of an Increasing Occupational Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-16, September.
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