The Impact of Nanofluid Flow in a Rhombus-Shaped Porous Enclosure on a Constant Heated Obstacle

In this study, the focus is on investigating the characteristic of a nanofluid consisting of water as the base fluid and Copper nanoparticles. The analysis examines the impact of this nanofluid flow on a heated obstacle placed in a rhombus-shaped enclosure filled with porous media. The driving force behind the mixed convection is assumed to be the temperature difference created by the moving walls, where the top and bottom walls have a cold-to-hot flow in opposite directions. To obtain numerical solutions, the Galerkin weighted residual method is employed. The study explores the effects of the Darcy number and Richardson number on varies aspects, including streamlines, isotherms, dimensionless temperature, velocity profiles, average Nusselt numbers, and average fluid temperature. These effects are visualized through graphical representations. The findings reveal that both the Richardson number and Darcy number significantly influence the streamlines and isotherms within the system. Furthermore, the Darcy number proves to be an important control parameter for heat transfer in fluid flow through a porous medium in the enclosure. A heat transfer correlation for the average Nusselt number is provided, considering different Darcy numbers and Richardson numbers. To ensure the validity of the research, a comparison between the obtained results and previously published findings is conducted, showing a favorable agreement between them.