Ovarian Cancer risk factors and Their Mechanism of Action

Ovarian cancer continues to be one of the deadliest and lethal form of gynecological cancer affecting younger and older woman. Understanding various factors that could lead to ovarian cancer and how they are able to drive its progression, metastasis and survival might help in its treatment and prevention. This paper aims to review different risk factors both genetic and environmental that could lead to the development of ovarian cancer and their mechanism of action. The research methods used in this study follows the principles outlined by [1]. It is a comprehensive literature review on ovarian cancer risk factor. The role of genetics and environmental risk factors in ovarian carcinogenesis and their mechanism of action created a theoretical foundation of the paper. A new model is presented to encapsulate highly dynamic interaction between ovarian carcinogenesis and the mechanism of action of some associated risk factors. The contribution of the study is intended to review and summarize the theoretical and empirical knowledge that should inspire new discussions and directions for further research activity. The model highlights various factors that can trigger the development of ovarian cancer namely; TP53, BRCA genes, Cigarette smoke and Talc powder and how they are able to promote ovarian cancer. Various have been done about how mutation of certain genes and some environmental factors could lead to ovarian carcinogenesis. However, more research is needed to further understand how their mechanism of action. The content of this paper will be useful in devising a better screening, treatment and preventive measure towards the ovarian cancer. This study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of ovarian cancer to efficiently aid medical practitioners and researchers to device better prevention and treatment plan to combat ovarian cancer.