A Baseline Electroencephalography Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface System Using Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning

This paper presents a baseline or reference (single channel, single subject, single trial) electroencephalography (EEG) motor imagery (MI) brain computer interface (BCI) that harnesses deep learning artificial neural networks (ANNs) for brainwave signal classification. The EEG electrode or sensor is placed on the scalp within the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere of the brain and approximately above the motor cortex. Signal classification discriminates among three MI classes, namely, right first closed event, neutral event and left first closed event and the measured accuracy of the deep learning ANN was 83% which significantly outperforms chance classification. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated by applying it to the navigation of a virtual environment, specifically, immersive 360-degree panoramas in equirectangular projection.