Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Implant Osseointegration: A Prospective Study

Introduction: Osseointegration is a critical determinant of the long-term success of dental implants and is influenced by multiple systemic and local factors affecting bone metabolism. Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization, and osteoblastic activity, thereby contributing to bone remodeling and healing around implants. Several studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may impair bone regeneration and increase the risk of early implant failure, potentially affecting implant stability and bone density during the healing phase of implant placement. However, the clinical evidence remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum Vitamin D levels and implant osseointegration. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 25 patients who met the study criteria, in whom 45 implants were placed. Patients underwent dental implant placement under local anesthesia (LA). Primary stability was assessed by insertion torque (≥35 Ncm) and Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ ≥70) using Resonance Frequency Analysis. Serum vitamin D levels were evaluated at baseline at the 3rd and 6th month of implantation. Insertional torque (IT) was measured at baseline, ISQ at baseline, 3rd and 6th month, and bone density around the implant at 6th month. These values were correlated with the vitamin D levels of the patients in the respective time periods.Results: Correlation analysis showed a very weak, non-significant correlation between insertion torque and serum vitamin D levels (r = 0.058, p = 0.353). However, vitamin D levels demonstrated a significant positive correlation with implant stability (ISQ) at baseline (r = 0.419, p = 0.004), 3 months (r = 0.440, p = 0.003), and 6 months (r = 0.594, p