Maxillary Tuberosity Fracture in Upper Third Molar Extractions: Educational Integration and a New Classification for Clinical Practice

Fracture of the maxillary tuberosity is a common complication of maxillary third molar extractions, which may contribute to subsequent complications such as oroantral communication, sinusitis, and compromised prosthetic rehabilitation. Several etiological factors may contribute to fractures, including root morphology, extent of sinus pneumatization, quality of the bone, and surgical technique. Fracture of the maxillary tuberosity may vary considerably during clinical presentation. Prevention of a fracture of the maxillary tuberosity is the best management, but this requires an appropriate treatment plan, including radiographic assessment. Education protocols for undergraduate dental students with respect to oral complications of surgery, such as a fracture of the maxillary tuberosity, are considered to be of special significance. Educating students in events that may contribute to oral and maxillofacial surgery will help them assume surgical risk, improve the outcome, and select the appropriate surgical technique. It is generally accepted that understanding the mechanisms of these complications provides protection. Despite its relatively low overall incidence, maxillary tuberosity fracture is a frequent complication of maxillary third molar extractions. It remains underreported and insufficiently studied in the literature, highlighting the clear need for focused research to better understand its risk factors, prevention, and management. This review paper seeks to clarify the clinical implications of tuberosity fractures while emphasizing how targeted educational strategies can enhance surgical techniques, risk awareness, and patient outcomes. Additionally, a new classification system for maxillary tuberosity fractures is proposed for use in future protocols.