Understanding the Reasons for Tooth Discoloration in Children and Their Management: A Narrative Review

Background: This article aims to study the discoloration of the teeth in pediatric patients in comparison with adults. Staining of teeth can occur at any time, including in utero, during tooth bud formation, due to various reasons. The staining type and intensity determine the damage to the primary teeth and their permanent successors. The primary teeth are the foundation for permanent teeth, which are important for the overall well-being of an individual. Complications of teeth staining may lead to dental and psychological consequences, leading to low self-esteem and feeling less confident at social gatherings and in schools. It may lead to difficulty in eating and speaking. Factors that contribute to staining can be divided into environmental, hereditary, extrinsic, or intrinsic. The health and social habits of mothers during pregnancy may contribute to disturbances in tooth formation and discoloration of teeth. Methods: This review was done by studying the existing literature using the electronic databases PUBMED/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Results: Articles were found which stated various causes of staining of teeth and plans to prevent and treat the teeth staining. Conclusion: This article provides an overview of tooth discoloration, its causes, and management plans. It also emphasizes the collaboration of pediatricians and dentists for timely referral and cost-effective management of tooth staining.