How Have Recent Pandemics Affected Oral Health: A Systematic Review using Narrative Synthesis of the Literature from 2011-2021

Introduction: Pandemics have affected and will continue to affect humankind. Historically the Human Immunodeficiency Virus changed the way dental clinics operate and the COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented closure of dental clinics leading to short- and long-term impact on oral health. Aim: To assess the impact on oral health and related behaviours related to modern pandemics. Method: A literature search across eighteen electronic databases was conducted. Three reviewers screened 2029 articles against inclusion criteria and assessed quality. Included articles underwent thematic analysis, followed by narrative synthesis to describe the results. Results: Forty-eight articles were included that identified themes: (i) oral health related quality of life, (ii) stress and pandemics, (iii) oral health behaviours, (iv) social capital, (v) access to oral healthcare, (vi) fear as a barrier to accessing oral healthcare and (vii) teledentistry. Conclusion: Pandemics present multiple challenges to both individuals and oral health professionals that impact on oral health and these challenges disproportionately affect the most vulnerable communities. However, with the right support, these impacts can be mitigated through social capital and support to establish healthy routines. The use of digital technologies should be promoted to reach all communities before the next pandemic arrives.