A Compilation of Benchmark Pluvial Flood Datasets

Urban pluvial flooding is a dangerous natural hazard that has become more common in recent years, making it a global threat to metropolitan areas. Surface water floods and flash floods are two common types of pluvial flooding. The second one is extremely hazardous and damaging due to both the power of the water and the debris that is frequently swept up in the flow. Buildings and their contents are damaged by pluvial floods, which also disrupt stormwater drainage, transportation, and electrical supply. Future flood risks are anticipated to rise because of urbanization, climate change, and global warming. Many essential features of urban flood hazards are still poorly understood due to the complex nature of the relevant processes and the paucity of long-term field observations. Therefore, in this paper, we have collected different sources of data that are used for flood forecasting. Satellite data, gauge measurements, and citizen observations are the most important sources of precipitation and flood data. Conducting a global case study review also showed that the Digital elevation model (DEM) and rainfall are the most crucial variables when it comes to floods, and they are nearly universally employed in all models. The discussion suggests that soil moisture conditions are likely to be the predominant mechanism causing the observed flood trends.