Biologic Therapies in Pediatric Asthma: A Clinical Review of Current Advances

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children and affects approximately 6%–7% of the global pediatric population. Despite advances in standard therapies such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, a substantial subset of children continues to experience severe, uncontrolled disease that impairs quality of life and increases morbidity. The advent of biologic therapies targeting specific inflammatory pathways has transformed the management of severe pediatric asthma over the past two decades. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding biologic agents approved for pediatric use, including omalizumab, mepolizumab, dupilumab, and benralizumab. We discuss their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and patient selection criteria. Evidence indicates that these targeted therapies can markedly reduce exacerbation frequency, improve lung function, and reduce corticosteroid dependence in appropriately selected patients. Persistent challenges include precise phenotyping, long-term safety monitoring, and limited accessibility owing to cost. Future research should emphasize biomarker-guided treatment strategies and their real-world effectiveness across diverse pediatric populations.