Green fiber composites from tropical biomass and agricultural waste streams in Mauritius

PurposeThis study develops biodegradable fiber composites for packaging by valorizing tropical lignocellulosic biomass in Mauritius, aiming to assess the potential of locally sourced materials for circular and sustainable applications.Design/methodology/approachFibers from Pandanus utilis, Arundo donax and Ananas comosus were extracted using soda and kraft pulping. The fibers were blended with recycled wastepaper at different ratios and reinforced with a bio-based starch to enhance inter-fiber bonding. Mechanical and physical properties were evaluated, including tensile strength, burst index, abrasion resistance, bulk density and crease recovery.FindingsThe reinforced composites showed a threefold increase in tensile strength (up to 18.577 Nm g−1), a peak burst index of 0.936 kPa m2 g−1 and crease recovery angles up to 71°. Abrasion resistance improved, with samples sustaining 125 cycles and 24% less mass loss. Low bulk densities (225–273 kg m−3) indicated improved flexibility over conventional paperboard.Research limitations/implicationsThis laboratory-scale study establishes a proof-of-concept. Future work must explore industrial scalability, barrier properties (moisture/oil resistance) and life cycle assessment.Practical implicationsThe results demonstrate the potential of these residues as renewable, fiber-based materials. However, optimization at the pilot scale, along with improvements in barrier properties and durability, is required for practical packaging applications.Social implicationsThe adoption of such materials may support local green industries, reduce plastic waste and contribute to climate goals in tropical regions.Originality/valueThis study provides a region-specific evaluation of underutilized tropical biomass for biodegradable packaging, integrating agricultural residues, recycled fibers and bio-based binders.HighlightsLignocellulosic fibers are pulped to produce fiber composites for packaging useComposite sheets formed at 20:80, 60:40 and 100:0 fiber-to-waste ratiosTapioca starch tripled tensile strength; peak value reached 18.577 Nm g−−1Burst index of 0.936 kPa m2 g−1 achieved with starch-reinforced compositesComposites showed improved fold endurance and surface abrasion resistance