CPEC in the shadows of fifth generation warfare and the dynamics of propaganda model

Purpose - The clear patterns of bias and propaganda such as narrative framing and selective reporting are severely affecting the public opinion and policymakers. Overall, the study shows that media depiction of CPEC conditioned by the propagandistic model and 5GW strategies carries deep meanings for global politics. In addition, there is the necessity to increase media literacy and strategic communication so as to direct the complications of these projects. Transparency and international cooperation become important for regional stability as well as informed public discourse. Design/methodology/approach - The qualitative analysis of media content is carried out for this research across the various geopolitical regions about the interpretation of CPEC. It is also supplemented with extensive literature review and expert opinions. Thereby, providing a comprehensive view of the media landscape and the underlying narratives about CPEC. Findings - The findings analyzed the variations in CPEC’s portrayal dominated by factors like media ownership, funding and geopolitical agendas. Originality/value - This study uniquely integrates CPEC, 5GW and the Propaganda Model, highlighting media-driven narrative warfare's impact on public perception, policymaking and geopolitical stability, offering fresh insights into strategic communication and information operations.