Unravelling seafarers’ fatigue post-pandemic: the role of job demand–resource theory from the perspective of Malaysian seafarers

Purpose - Based on the job demand and resource (JD–R) model, this study identifies the factors influencing fatigue among seafarers in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 250 responses were gathered via an online survey applying a purposive sampling method. The derived data were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. Findings - Job demand positively influences sleep problems and occupational stress, while job resources positively impact job autonomy. The research analysis also confirms the positive effect of sleep problems and occupational stress on fatigue. Furthermore, the study reveals the negative effect of job autonomy on fatigue. In-depth analysis confirms the mediation and sequential mediation effects as the determinants of fatigue among seafarers in Malaysia. Practical implications - Besides enriching the literature on fatigue, the findings provide practical insights to maritime agencies to develop an effective policy to reduce fatigue among seafarers. Originality/value - The study develops a new model for seafarers’ fatigue via the JD–R model by introducing work pressure, sleep problems, occupational stress and autonomy as sequential mediators.