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Rural pension policy in Brazil: performance, challenges, and reform proposals

Author

Listed:
  • Fabio Giambiagi

    (Fundação Getulio Vargas, Instituto Brasileiro de Economia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil)

  • Rogério Nagamine Costanzi

    (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília, DF, Brazil)

  • Otávio José Guerci Sidone

    (Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, Brasília, DF, Brazil)

Abstract

This article analyzes the differential treatment provided by Brazil’s pension policy to rural workers, an issue heightened by the recent pension reforms. By evaluating policy performance across coverage, adequacy, equity, and sustainability, the study identifies targeting inefficiencies, untapped potential for more effective poverty alleviation, inequitable redistributive outcomes, and significant sustainability challenges. The analysis also highlights issues in targeting beneficiaries and examines the rationale behind differentiated retirement ages. Building on these findings, the paper presents proposals to improve the pension policy’s design and assesses their expected impacts. JEL Classification: H55; J26; I38; D63.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio Giambiagi & Rogério Nagamine Costanzi & Otávio José Guerci Sidone, 2026. "Rural pension policy in Brazil: performance, challenges, and reform proposals," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, FGV EAESP, vol. 46(2), pages 263747-2637, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:ekm:repojs:v:46:y:2026:i:2:id:98250
    DOI: 10.1590/3086-44612026-3747
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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