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Formas Jurídicas No Terceiro Setor Brasileiro: Estatuto Legal, Evidências Empíricas E Formalismo

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Eduardo Guerra Silva

    (Centro de Pós-Graduação em Administração (CEPEAD) da UFMG)

  • Tomáz de Aquino Resende

    (Centro de Apoio Operacional ao Terceiro Setor do Ministério Público de Minas Gerais (CAOTS-MG))

  • Reynaldo Maia Muniz

    (Centro de Pós-Graduação em Administração (CEPEAD) da UFMG.)

  • Ivan Beck Ckagnazaroff

    (UFMG)

Abstract

O artigo analisa as formas jurídicas do terceiro setor brasileiro, considerando o estatuto legal que legitima suas condições de existência, as evidências empíricas de como as organizações se estruturam em tais formas, assim como o formalismo que decorre da dissociação entre as normas vigentes e a conduta concreta observada. O estatuto legal fundamenta-se, sobretudo, no Código Civil (Lei 10.406/2002), que considera como formas jurídicas as fundações e as associações, embora essas coexistam, numa manifestação do formalismo (Ramos, 1983), com a pretérita forma de sociedade civil sem fins econômicos, instituída pelo Código Civil de 1916 (Lei 3.071/1916). A constatação dessa coexistência se deu a partir de informações obtidas junto a Centros de Apoio ao Terceiro Setor do Ministério Público. Ademais, as evidências empíricas baseiam-se na análise de recentes levantamentos sobre o terceiro setor no Brasil. De modo a aprofundar as comparações entre as formas jurídicas, foram realizados testes estatísticos em amostra de 1.134 organizações, tendo a dotação financeira como elemento diferenciador. Dentre algumas das discussões apresentadas, evidencia-se a importância de que novos estudos identifiquem discrepâncias entre o formal e o efetivo, uma vez que as leis, estatísticas e os documentos nem sempre refletem a realidade social que envolve as organizações. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Terceiro setor, formalismo, forma jurídica, associação, fundação. ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the legal status of the Brazilian third sector, considering the legal statute which legitimates their existence, the empirical evidences on how organizations structured themselves related to status, as well as the formalism that originates from dissociation between current rules and the observed real conducts. The legal statute is mainly based on the Brazilian Civil Code (Law 10.406/2002). This Law considers foundations and associations as third sector legal status, although they still coexist, on a manifestation of formalism (Ramos, 1983), with a non-profit civil society status, established by the former Civil Code (Law 3.071/1916). This coexistence was identified by information obtained from the Public Ministry Third Sector Supporting Centers (Brazilian institution for safeguarding legal/social interests). Furthermore, the empirical evidences were based on the analysis of surveys about the third sector in Brazil. By deepening comparisons related to legal status, a sample of 1.134 organizations was statistically tested, considering the organizations’ financial revenue. Accordingly to some presented discussions, it is evident the importance of studies to find out discrepancies between the formal and the effective, once that laws, statistics and documents have not always shown the social reality that surrounds the organizations. KEYWORDS Third sector, formalism, legal status, association, foundation.

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Handle: RePEc:ekm:cgpc00:v:16:y:2011:i:58:id:3563
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