Complementarity principle in scientific research: an interdisciplinary discourse

The article aims on critical analysis of understanding the definition of "complementarity" in different scientific sectors. Outlined general characteristics of complementarity, which cause the necessity to use complementary approaches in research of modern socioeconomic processes. Complementarity, as one of the basic characteristics of human being (economic, social, environmental, cultural, etc.) has a general meaning; its philosophical value consists in the fact that, opposite to unilateral approaches, using complementarity approaches becomes an important step forward in understanding supplement of rational and irrational in a developing economy. The Idea of complementarity came into modern economic theories from theoretical approaches in the different spheres of science. This led to the development of new methodological principles in the economic theories, which stand for the principle of multiple interests in the person's desire to cooperating and complementing instead of struggling. A person, using complementarity principle, accepts the environment as a complex complementary system, and, as a result, understands the fact that any invasion into the system becomes a subject and object of socioeconomic development, where the social and the economic become a single unit, that cannot be separated. Socioeconomic unity formed through complementarity and cooperation of economic subjects, is accompanied by parallel cultural changes, which are, in turn, a result of economic development and increase in welfare, so people are enabled to more effective self-fulfillment and social protection. Under such conditions, complementarity as a part of interaction between different groups of population brings motivation for more effective coordination and complementary activities, which increase economic effectiveness of and ensure sustainable development. Economic activities are, in most cases, connected with a significant impact on the environment, which strongly require a complementary interaction between society, economics and ecology. As of now, the need to find new components in social and economic being is crucial, as it will allow to prevent irreversible impact on the environment and motivate to careful use of natural resources. Actualization of the complementarity in the analysis of the results of economic transformations in former USSR countries is determined by the need of understanding them as a whole, in connection with institutional and sociocultural approaches. In spite of a broad opportunities of the institutional approach in research of transformational processes, there is a need of moving beyond and investigate economic and social processes through cultural tendencies, i.e. to complement the institutional understanding of the society with the sociocultural one.