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Electric truck-based robot delivery problem with nonlinear charging

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  • Yu, Shaohua
  • Zhu, Tengkuo
  • Puchinger, Jakob

Abstract

This study addresses an electric truck-based robot collaborative delivery problem that incorporates the inherently nonlinear charging behavior of both vehicle types. A mixed-integer linear programming model with piecewise linear charging representation is developed, and its solution approach is enhanced by time-dependent valid inequalities and tailored heuristics. Numerical experiments show that the proposed methods efficiently generate high-quality solutions across diverse urban logistics scenarios. The results indicate that partial charging strategies consistently outperform full charging, and that assuming linear charging may yield infeasible or misleading solutions in practice. Sensitivity analyses further reveal that system performance is most influenced by battery capacity and the number of charging stations, whereas variations in charging rates have comparatively minor effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, Shaohua & Zhu, Tengkuo & Puchinger, Jakob, 2026. "Electric truck-based robot delivery problem with nonlinear charging," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:213:y:2026:i:c:s1366554526002978
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104958
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