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Resilient RoRo fleet scheduling for mixed EV and ICEV transport demand: An optimization framework for EV dedicated service strategy

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Yukuan
  • Liu, Ryan Wen
  • Liu, Jingxian
  • Yang, Lichao
  • Liu, Yang
  • Piera Eroles, Miquel Angel

Abstract

The surge in electric vehicles (EVs) is causing a structural disruption to high-density, short-sea Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) transportation, driven by stricter safety regulations and unique transport protocols. Operators like those in China’s Qiongzhou Strait have implemented an ‘EV Dedicated Service’ (EVDS) strategy. This strategy involves a complex coordination problem between dedicated EV-carrying vessels and separate vessels for transporting drivers. However, this emerging scheduling paradigm has been insufficiently studied. This paper proposes a multi-objective mixed integer programming model for the RoRo fleet scheduling with a novel methodological approach to formulate EVDS mechanism. Additionally, we develop an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search − based heuristic algorithm, featuring novel problem-specific neighborhood structures. Realistic instances validated the algorithm’s performance against benchmark methods. The results also revealed the balance between economic efficiency and service levels across three different demand scenarios (Low-Season, Normal-Day, and Peak-Season). Furthermore, the analysis reveals the strategic value of flexible deployment for EV-certified vessels. We also introduce a method to quantify operational resilience by analyzing the impact of elastic capacity planning on alleviating port congestion. The findings provide a robust decision-support framework for RoRo operators and policymakers navigating the surge in EV transport demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Yukuan & Liu, Ryan Wen & Liu, Jingxian & Yang, Lichao & Liu, Yang & Piera Eroles, Miquel Angel, 2026. "Resilient RoRo fleet scheduling for mixed EV and ICEV transport demand: An optimization framework for EV dedicated service strategy," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:209:y:2026:i:c:s1366554526000591
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2026.104719
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