Broadband infrastructure sharing as a catalyst for rural digital economy: A systematic review for developing countries

Lack of high-speed broadband connectivity remains a critical barrier to inclusive digital transformation, particularly in rural areas of developing countries. Broadband infrastructure sharing has emerged as a viable strategy to overcome this constraint, facilitating network expansion, bridging the digital divide, and consequently stimulating inclusive digital economic growth. Broadband infrastructure sharing allows multiple mobile operators (MNOs) to share network resources, significantly reducing capital and operational costs and expanding rural coverage. However, its deployment is fraught with multifaceted challenges that inhibit its full potential. This systematic review synthesizes existing literature to highlight both the potential benefits and prevailing challenges facing broadband infrastructure-sharing initiatives among MNOs. It further explores enabling policies, technological innovations, and collaborative business models that could accelerate adoption and sustainability. The review offers practical policy, economic, political and research insights to guide the sustainable deployment of broadband infrastructure sharing in underserved areas, thereby contributing to the broader discourse on digital inclusion and rural economic growth.