Building resilient industrial innovation systems: The role of enterprise–knowledge coupling in China's new energy vehicle industry

As global industrial competition intensifies and technological transformation accelerates, the collaborative innovation network of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry faces increasing external shocks. Drawing on complex adaptive systems theory, this study conceptualizes industrial innovation networks resilience as a dual attribute integrating structural robustness and functional adaptability. Nevertheless, most existing studies focuses on single-layer networks or isolated perturbations, lacking in-depth insights into the response of interdependent dual-layer systems respond to complex shocks. With large-scale NEV patent data, this study constructs a two-layer collaborative innovation network covering enterprise collaboration and knowledge exchange. We propose a structure-function integrated resilience framework and examine resilience evolution under three disturbance scenarios: node removal, edge disruption, and weight decay. The results show three key conclusions: (1) Distinct perturbation lead to differentiated resilience performances. Targeted node attacks cause abrupt system collapse, while weight decay induces gradual functional erosion; (2) Hierarchical loss decomposition indicates cross-layer interactions critically sustain resilience, with their impact far exceeding single-layer disruptions; (3) Phase diagram analysis shows that linking enterprises and knowledge moderately makes networks more resilient. However, excessive coupling can cause them to fail simultaneously. This study defines the innovation network of the new energy vehicle industry as a multi-interactive socio-technical system, which enriches the analytical scope of two-tier innovation networks resilience research. It further provides empirical evidence to support green technology governance, the design of industrial collaboration policies, and efforts to enhance the risk-resilience of innovation systems.