Technology, institutions, and migration: A fusional governance framework for mitigating state fragility

State fragility is a complex challenge that demands multi-actor governance strategies. The New Public Governance framework offers an innovative approach by integrating technology, institutional reforms, and diaspora engagement to mitigate state fragility while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals. Using empirical evidence from GMM, this study demonstrates that networked e-participation and institutional liberalization are pivotal in reducing fragility, with technology-driven public engagement and rule-of-law governance playing critical roles across all development levels. We also find that low-income countries benefit significantly from diaspora contributions, enhancing labor mobility, socioeconomic stability, and expert knowledge compared to upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income nations. However, lower-middle-income economies exhibit weaker responsiveness to technological and institutional innovations, limiting their ability to harness migration advantages. The study advocates for mutually beneficial foreign policies that discourage brain drain while fostering tech-business collaborations between developed and developing nations. Policymakers must prioritize digital innovation through AI adoption and blockchain for transparent participation, enhance digital platforms for freelancers, and develop skills in struggling economies. The policymakers should also channel remittance systems and reduce taxation in struggling economies to promote economic liberties. For institutional liberation, they should strengthen institutions by building social cohesion. Additionally, poverty and unemployment reductions should boost economic growth and mitigate fragility. Regarding the diaspora effect, countries should ease their migration and refugee policies, providing appropriate rights and opportunities for integration into society, contributing to state development. They should also ensure joint ventures and institutional resilience to maintain political and economic sovereignty in fragile states.