Land cover change dynamics: Leveraging time series geospatial data for informed restoration in Tanzania

Restoration of degraded landscapes has gained significant attention globally, yet leveraging advanced geospatial technologies for informed restoration interventions remains underutilized. This paper addresses this gap by utilizing Environmental Systems Research Institute's land cover geospatial data to analyze the near current land cover changes in Tanzania from 2022 to 2023, focusing on tree cover and rangeland loss across various regions. The findings reveal that the regions of Lindi, Manyara, and Tabora exhibit the highest levels of tree cover changes, while Morogoro, Pwani, and Ruvuma lead in rangeland changes. Conversely, regions such as Mjini Magharibi, Kaskazini Pemba, and Kusini Pemba experience the lowest levels of tree cover and rangeland loss but remain vulnerable to future pressures. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a region-specific approach to conservation planning, combining restoration efforts in heavily impacted areas with preventive measures in less affected regions. Potential restoration options include reforestation, agroforestry, natural regeneration, rotational grazing, reseeding degraded areas, soil and water conservation techniques, and community-based restoration projects. The costs of these restoration methods vary but are outweighed by their substantial ecological and economic benefits. The study concludes that engaging local communities and providing strong policy and resource support are crucial for the success and sustainability of restoration efforts. The study recommends developing tailored management strategies, enhancing public awareness, promoting sustainable land-use practices, and investing in large-scale restoration projects to achieve sustainable land management and conservation goals.