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IPSMInfer: Industrial proprietary protocol state machine inference from network traces

Author

Listed:
  • Yang, Yahui
  • Geng, Yangyang
  • Wei, Qiang
  • Ma, Rongkuan
  • Wei, Zihan

Abstract

Industrial protocols are ubiquitous in industrial control systems (ICS), and their security is intimately tied to the entire industrial infrastructure. Analyzing industrial protocol state machines can assist researchers in understanding the protocol’s state transition rules, event-triggering conditions, and behavioral characteristics. However, the proprietary nature of many industrial protocols and the lack of knowledge about their state machines significantly impede the implementation of related protection measures in ICS. While several protocol state machine inference methods have been proposed, few are practically and widely applicable to industrial protocols. This is primarily attributed to the unique structure of industrial protocols, which poses challenges for protocol state machine inference.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Yahui & Geng, Yangyang & Wei, Qiang & Ma, Rongkuan & Wei, Zihan, 2025. "IPSMInfer: Industrial proprietary protocol state machine inference from network traces," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ijocip:v:49:y:2025:i:c:s1874548225000265
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcip.2025.100765
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