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Fundamental group of dual graphs and applications to quantum space time

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  • Nada, S.I.
  • Hamouda, E.H.

Abstract

Let G be a connected planar graph with n vertices and m edges. It is known that the fundamental group of G has 1−(n−m) generators. In this paper, we show that if G is a self-dual graph, then its fundamental group has (n−1) generators. We indicate that these results are relevant to quantum space time.

Suggested Citation

  • Nada, S.I. & Hamouda, E.H., 2009. "Fundamental group of dual graphs and applications to quantum space time," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 500-503.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:42:y:2009:i:1:p:500-503
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2009.01.015
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. El Naschie, M.S., 2009. "Deriving the curvature of fractal-Cantorian spacetime from first principles," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 2259-2261.
    2. Marek-Crnjac, L., 2009. "A short history of fractal-Cantorian space-time," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 2697-2705.
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