Comprehensive evaluation of self-healing in airy-type vortex beams under multiple obstruction conditions

The robust propagation of structured optical fields in complex environments is of great significance for applications such as optical communication, imaging, and optical manipulation. Although self-healing beams, exemplified by Airy beams, exhibit strong resistance to perturbations, existing studies predominantly rely on single metrics, which are insufficient to comprehensively characterize structural recovery, energy redistribution, and spatial stability. To address this limitation, a comprehensive self-healing quality factor (ISQF) is proposed to provide a unified quantitative evaluation of beam self-healing performance from multiple dimensions, including morphological fidelity, relative focusing gain, evolution efficiency, and centroid drift. Based on this framework, circular Airy vortex beams (CAVBs) and circular Airy first-order derivative vortex beams (CADVBs) are selected as representative beam types, and their propagation behaviors under typical obstruction conditions are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that CADVB exhibits superior performance in structural recovery and propagation stability, whereas CAVB shows stronger energy concentration capability and better overall robustness. Under asymmetric obstruction, both beams are capable of achieving structural compensation but exhibit distinct energy redistribution characteristics. Further analysis reveals that different obstruction conditions correspond to different dominant energy flow mechanisms. The proposed ISQF provides an effective and unified framework for evaluating the comprehensive performance of structured beams under complex perturbations, offering valuable theoretical guidance for the optimization and design of structured optical fields.