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Triangulation topology aggregation optimizer-based ADRC-PR strategy for frequency stability improvement of hybrid-renewable power grid

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  • Khamies, Mohamed
  • Hashem, Mohamed
  • Arya, Yogendra
  • Mahmoud, Alaa A.

Abstract

The growing integration of renewable energy resources (RERs) in power grids (PGs) has led to a significant reduction in system inertia, posing serious challenges to the frequency stability. The virtual inertia control-energy storage system (VIC-ESS) and hydrogen aqua electrolyzers (HAEs) and fuel cells (FCs) can play a crucial role in mitigating RERs generation variability and addressing demand-side disturbances. This present work suggests a novel coordination scheme that combines VIC-ESS with HAE-FC units. These components are regulated using a modified active disturbance rejection controller with proportional resonant (ADRC-PR), whose parameters are optimally tuned via the triangulation topology aggregation optimizer (TTAO) to ensure superior dynamic response and control accuracy. The suggested scheme is assessed on a two-area interconnected system. The performance of ADRC-PR controller is rigorously compared with conventional controllers such as ADRC tilt integral (ADRC-TI), tilt derivative-TI (TD-TI), integral-tilt derivative with filter (I-TDF), proportional derivative-proportional integral (PD-PI), and fractional order-PD-PI (FO-PD-PI). Simulation findings exhibit that the suggested ADRC-PR controller significantly betters all benchmark controllers, improving total dynamic performance by 96% over ITDF, 91% over TD-TI, 84.3% over PD-PI, 77.1% over ADRC-TI, and 59.6% over FO-PD-PI. Further analysis highlights the benefits of the proposed coordination strategy. When integrated with ADRC-PR, the system achieves an additional performance enhancement of 28.0% compared to the ADRC-based coordination, 86.1% compared to using uncontrolled VICs, and 86.5% over HAE-FC alone. These improvements demonstrate the efficiency of the ADRC-PR-based control scheme in enhancing frequency stability, damping oscillations, and ensuring faster response, making it favourable key for modern PGs with high penetration of the RERs.

Suggested Citation

  • Khamies, Mohamed & Hashem, Mohamed & Arya, Yogendra & Mahmoud, Alaa A., 2026. "Triangulation topology aggregation optimizer-based ADRC-PR strategy for frequency stability improvement of hybrid-renewable power grid," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 208(P3).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:208:y:2026:i:p3:s0960077926003425
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2026.118201
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