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High and low-frequency multi-pole solitons and multi-ring solitons in PT-symmetric gain-loss-balanced planar waveguides

Author

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  • Yang, Jing
  • Zhao, Rumeng
  • Hu, Lingwei
  • Zhu, Yu
  • Li, Jitao

Abstract

This study utilizes the bilinear method to derive hierarchical solutions – encompassing high- and low-frequency ring solitons, dipole solitons, and ring-dipole solitons – for the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system in a PT-symmetric gain-loss-balanced planar waveguide. These results are employed to investigate the fundamental characteristics of these structural patterns. Specifically, the hierarchy of multipole solitons and multi-ring solitons is analyzed in a unified framework. These findings are expected to provide fresh insights into the fields of optical communications and Bose–Einstein condensates.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Jing & Zhao, Rumeng & Hu, Lingwei & Zhu, Yu & Li, Jitao, 2026. "High and low-frequency multi-pole solitons and multi-ring solitons in PT-symmetric gain-loss-balanced planar waveguides," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 208(P2).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:208:y:2026:i:p2:s0960077926003711
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2026.118230
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