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The influence of volatility and heterogeneity of learning and concerning reputation on cooperative behavior

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  • Hao, Qing-Yi
  • Qian, Jia-Li
  • Wu, Chao-Yun
  • Bi, Yan
  • Lin, Xiang
  • Guo, Ning

Abstract

The heterogeneity and volatility are common in groups, which have important effects on cooperative behavior. This paper proposes an extended prisoner’s dilemma model that incorporates individual heterogeneity and stochastic factors. The model accounts for two forms of heterogeneity: first, in whether individuals are reputation-focused or reputation-unfocused; and second, in how they select learning objects from among their neighbors. It also considers two sources of randomness: the random mutation of attributes in both types of individuals, and the probabilistic selection of neighbors as learning objects based on fitness.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao, Qing-Yi & Qian, Jia-Li & Wu, Chao-Yun & Bi, Yan & Lin, Xiang & Guo, Ning, 2026. "The influence of volatility and heterogeneity of learning and concerning reputation on cooperative behavior," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:207:y:2026:i:c:s0960077926001578
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2026.118016
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