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The impact of adaptive trust reinforcement in a multi-state Public Goods Game

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  • Moussa, Fatima Zahra
  • Zine-Dine, Khalid

Abstract

The Public Goods Game (PGG) is a foundational framework for studying the emergence and sustainability of cooperation among self-interested agents. However, its conventional binary structure – where individuals either contribute their full endowment or nothing – oversimplifies the range of cooperative behaviors observed in real-world settings, where partial contributions are common. In this study, we introduce a multi-state extension of the PGG, denoted PGGM, in which agents choose from M discrete contribution levels, allowing for a more nuanced representation of cooperative strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Moussa, Fatima Zahra & Zine-Dine, Khalid, 2026. "The impact of adaptive trust reinforcement in a multi-state Public Goods Game," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:204:y:2026:i:c:s0960077925017382
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.117725
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