Engineering optical quartic solitons embedded on a nonvanishing continuous-wave background in weakly birefringent fibers

We demonstrate that the balancing self- and cross-phase modulation, four-wave-mixing, and both quadratic, cubic and quartic dispersive effects induces propagating optical vector quartic solitons embedded on a nonzero continuous wave background in weakly birefringent fiber media governed by two-component coherently coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with higher-order dispersions. Parameter domains are delineated in which these optical solitons exist. The classes of found quartic solitons include bright solitons, dark solitons, bright breathers, W-shaped solitons, bright-dark solitons, bright-dark breathers, combined bright-soliton-W-shaped solitons, and combined bright-breather-W-shaped solitons with nonvanishing amplitudes at infinity. Also, fractional-transform solitons are explored for the model under consideration. Regimes for the modulation instability of a continuous-wave signal propagating inside weakly birefringent fiber media are investigated and an analytic expression for the gain spectrum is obtained and shown to be dependent on the three dispersion orders and nonlinear effects. We further show how the continuous wave background impacts the structure of optical vector quartic solitons in weakly birefringent fiber media. We hope our findings may offer new applications in long-distance telecommunication networks involving higher-order dispersion of the fiber.