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Multifractal chaos in gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers

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  • Oliveira, F.M.
  • Lucena, I.R.A.C.
  • Ramos, J.G.G.S.

Abstract

We investigate the multifractal nature of gravitational waves emitted during the merger of binary black holes, with masses of 45 and 72 solar masses, coalesced at a distance of 1.3 billion light-years from Earth. Strain signals as a function of time were obtained from the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, along with data from three independent laboratories. By applying multifractal analysis techniques, we reveal a complex hierarchy of scaling exponents, uncovering intricate fluctuations within the intrinsic dynamics. Additionally, using the maximum entropy approach, we extract universal properties associated with the event and propose a method for directly calculating the autocorrelation time from short segments of observational data. Our findings indicate that the gravitational wave signal is embedded in a highly irregular structure, with the dynamics exhibiting characteristics of both chaos and turbulence. The numerical results from the three laboratories show consistency in identifying these chaotic behaviors, alongside a complex background signal, providing new insights into the statistical properties and complexity of spacetime perturbations. These results highlight the potential of multifractal analysis in understanding the intricate dynamics of gravitational wave signals and their underlying chaotic processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Oliveira, F.M. & Lucena, I.R.A.C. & Ramos, J.G.G.S., 2025. "Multifractal chaos in gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 200(P1).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:200:y:2025:i:p1:s0960077925009932
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116980
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joel Hochstetter & Ruomin Zhu & Alon Loeffler & Adrian Diaz-Alvarez & Tomonobu Nakayama & Zdenka Kuncic, 2021. "Avalanches and edge-of-chaos learning in neuromorphic nanowire networks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Stanley, H.E & Amaral, L.A.N & Gopikrishnan, P & Ivanov, P.Ch & Keitt, T.H & Plerou, V, 2000. "Scale invariance and universality: organizing principles in complex systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 281(1), pages 60-68.
    3. Juan Luis Lopez & Jesus Guillermo Contreras, 2013. "Performance of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis on short time series," Papers 1311.2278, arXiv.org.
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    1. de Sousa, Marcos A.A. & de Moura, Francisco A.B.F. & Barbosa, Anderson L.R. & de Souza, Adauto J.F., 2026. "Multifractality analysis of phase transition of the two- and three-dimensional XY models," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 202(P2).

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