IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/chsofr/v199y2025ip1s0960077925006149.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of (a)synchronism on ECA: Towards a new classification

Author

Listed:
  • Donoso-Leiva, Isabel
  • Goles, Eric
  • Ríos-Wilson, Martín
  • Sené, Sylvain

Abstract

In this paper, we study the effect of (a)synchronism on the dynamics of elementary cellular automata. Within the framework of our study, we choose five distinct update schemes, selected from the family of periodic update modes: parallel, sequential, block-sequential, block-parallel, and local clocks. Our main measure of complexity is the maximum period of the limit cycles in the dynamics of each rule. In this context, we present a classification of the ECA rule landscape. We classified most elementary rules into three distinct regimes: constant, linear, and superpolynomial. Surprisingly, while some rules exhibit more complex behavior under a broader class of update schemes, others show similar behavior across all the considered update schemes. Although we are able to derive upper and lower bounds for the maximum period of the limit cycles in most cases, the analysis of some rules remains open. To complement the study of the 88 elementary rules, we introduce a numerical simulation framework based on two main measurements: the energy and density of the configurations. In this context, we observe that some rules exhibit significant variability depending on the update scheme, while others remain stable, confirming what was observed as a result of the classification obtained in the theoretical analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Donoso-Leiva, Isabel & Goles, Eric & Ríos-Wilson, Martín & Sené, Sylvain, 2025. "Impact of (a)synchronism on ECA: Towards a new classification," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 199(P1).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:199:y:2025:i:p1:s0960077925006149
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116601
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077925006149
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116601?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:199:y:2025:i:p1:s0960077925006149. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Thayer, Thomas R. (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/chaos-solitons-and-fractals .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.