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A lattice hydrodynamic model for on-ramp and off-ramp traffic flow considering non-equilibrium characteristics and heterogeneous mixed-flow speed delay

Author

Listed:
  • Zhao, Hongzhuan
  • Tang, Yijie
  • Tian, Ruijue
  • Yan, Qiang
  • Yuan, Quan
  • Wang, Tao
  • Zhou, Dan
  • Zhang, Yicai
  • Yang, Liangyi
  • Xu, Qi

Abstract

With the increasing complexity of urban expressway networks, traffic congestion at on-ramps and off-ramps has become a significant challenge, severely impacting urban mobility. To address the dynamic instability and traffic congestion caused by complex and variable merging and diverging traffic flows at these locations, propose a novel lattice hydrodynamic model, the Non-Equilibrium and Heterogeneous Mixed-Flow Model for On-Ramp and Off-Ramp Traffic Flow. First, the NEHM-OR/IR model divides the ramp road into three zones: no-impact area, merging-impact area, and diversion-impact area, analyzing the dynamic changes in traffic flow, density, and velocity in each zone. Second, it examines the non-equilibrium traffic flow characteristics of on-ramps and off-ramps based on speed limits and establishes the non-equilibrium conditions. Finally, the model innovatively integrates the effects of driving vigilance and heterogeneous mixed-flow speed delay in merging and diverging zones, considering both connected and non-connected vehicles, and derives the corresponding traffic flow conservation and motion equations. The linear stability analysis investigates the impact of on-ramp and off-ramp traffic flows on the stability of the overall traffic flow and provides the corresponding stability conditions. The linear stability analysis explores how on-ramp and off-ramp traffic flows affect overall traffic stability and derives the corresponding stability conditions. The numerical analysis shows that higher on-ramp flow causes congestion, while higher off-ramp flow improves stability. Increased on-ramp speed limits raise density and lower speeds, destabilizing traffic, whereas higher off-ramp speed limits decrease speeds and increase density after divergence. In composite ramp scenarios, higher connected vehicle penetration and commercial vehicle vigilance enhance stability, while increased heterogeneous mixed-flow speed delay and light passenger vehicle vigilance reduce stability. The results provide useful references for understanding and improving traffic flow at on-ramps and off-ramps.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao, Hongzhuan & Tang, Yijie & Tian, Ruijue & Yan, Qiang & Yuan, Quan & Wang, Tao & Zhou, Dan & Zhang, Yicai & Yang, Liangyi & Xu, Qi, 2025. "A lattice hydrodynamic model for on-ramp and off-ramp traffic flow considering non-equilibrium characteristics and heterogeneous mixed-flow speed delay," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:198:y:2025:i:c:s0960077925005612
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116548
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Sun, Yali & Feng, Shumin & Song, Zilong, 2026. "Cooperative lane change optimization with enhanced modeling of target-lane following vehicles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 682(C).
    3. Yang, Shuhong & Xia, Dongxue & Liu, Yuangui & Peng, Guanghan, 2026. "Phase transition in heterogeneous traffic streams integrating current optimal flux difference under human-driven and connected autonomous vehicles scenario," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
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    5. Zhao, Hongzhuan & Tang, Yijie & Wang, Yichen & Yuan, Quan & Wang, Tao & Zhou, Dan & Zhang, Yicai & Yang, Liangyi & Xu, Qi & Nong, LiQiao, 2025. "A lattice model of mixed traffic flow based on critical safety potential field and driver vigilance feedback: Numerical simulation of critical safety potential field fluctuations characterizing the effects of vehicle mass and volume differences," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 199(P1).

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