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On the extremal Sombor index of trees with a given diameter

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  • Li, Shuchao
  • Wang, Zheng
  • Zhang, Minjie

Abstract

Based on elementary geometry, Gutman proposed a novel graph invariants called the Sombor index SO(G), which is defined as SO(G)=∑uv∈E(G)dG2(u)+dG2(v), where dG(u) and dG(v) denote the degree of u and v in G, respectively. It has been proved that the Sombor index could predict some physicochemical properties. In this paper, we characterize the extremal graphs with respect to the Sombor index among all the n-order trees with a given diameter. Firstly, we order the trees with respect to the Sombor index among the n-vertex trees with diameter 3. Then, we determine the largest and the second largest Sombor indices of n-vertex trees with a given diameter d≥4 and characterize the corresponding trees. Moreover, for n−d=3, we characterize the extremal n-order trees which reach from the third to the fourth (resp. the sixth, the seventh) largest Sombor indices with d=4 (resp. d=5,d≥6). For n−d≥4, we characterize the extremal n-order trees which reach from the third to the fifth (resp. the eighth, the ninth) largest Sombor indices with d=4 (resp. d=5,d≥6). As consequences, the top four n-order trees with respect to the Sombor index are characterized.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Shuchao & Wang, Zheng & Zhang, Minjie, 2022. "On the extremal Sombor index of trees with a given diameter," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 416(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:apmaco:v:416:y:2022:i:c:s0096300321008134
    DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2021.126731
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cruz, Roberto & Monsalve, Juan & Rada, Juan, 2020. "Extremal values of vertex-degree-based topological indices of chemical trees," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 380(C).
    2. Cruz, Roberto & Gutman, Ivan & Rada, Juan, 2021. "Sombor index of chemical graphs," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 399(C).
    3. Shuchao Li & Licheng Zhang & Minjie Zhang, 2019. "On the extremal cacti of given parameters with respect to the difference of zagreb indices," Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 421-442, August.
    4. Kinkar Chandra Das & Yilun Shang, 2021. "Some Extremal Graphs with Respect to Sombor Index," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-15, May.
    5. Jiang, Yisheng & Lu, Mei, 2021. "Maximal augmented Zagreb index of trees with given diameter," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 395(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Meng & Zhu, Yan, 2024. "Extremal unicyclic graphs of Sombor index," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 463(C).

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