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Symbiosis or rupture? Multi-PATH in symbiotic systems

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  • Lei, Xin
  • Guo, Wei
  • Liu, Tongtong

Abstract

This study investigates the formation mechanisms and driving pathways of symbiotic systems in heritage tourism. It develops a macro–meso–micro triadic framework to examine the dynamics of system evolution. The findings reveal the foundational shaping role of institutional and market environments, the critical moderating role of governance structures, and the endogenous constructive value of micro-level actor agency. Six distinct evolutionary paths of the symbiotic system are identified, including four positive configurations leading to ‘collaborative symbiosis’ and two negative configurations associated with ‘systemic rupture.’ These are further categorised into three symbiotic modes, as well as one failure mode. The results suggest that the evolution of symbiotic systems is a complex, multi-actor process, characterised by configuration diversity and path dependence.

Suggested Citation

  • Lei, Xin & Guo, Wei & Liu, Tongtong, 2026. "Symbiosis or rupture? Multi-PATH in symbiotic systems," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:anture:v:118:y:2026:i:c:s0160738326000332
    DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2026.104149
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