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Singularity of input-output matrices: Structural linkages and spectral properties

Author

Listed:
  • Mohit Arora

    (Department of Economics, Union College, Schenectady NY)

  • Deepankar Basu

    (Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst)

Abstract

Analyzing 5 historical and 670 contemporary input-output (IO) tables, we show that all of these IO matrices are singular. We map this phenomenon onto underlying production network topologies. While singularity trivially emerges from sectors lacking intermediate forward or backward linkages, it could frequently persist due to deeper economic properties: proportional cost structures across sectors, isolated economic sub-networks, and supply-chain hierarchies lacking intra-industry transactions. As a subset of these matrices is non-diagonalizable, we leverage this singularity to derive simple, rank and eigenvalue based diagnostic criteria for diagonalizability. This provides an efficient computational test for network shock propagation models using eigendecomposition.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohit Arora & Deepankar Basu, 2026. "Singularity of input-output matrices: Structural linkages and spectral properties," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 46(3), pages 1328-1335.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-26-00293
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    JEL classification:

    • C6 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
    • D5 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

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