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Abstract
O objetivo deste ensaio histórico é analisar em que medida a Revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974 (Revolução dos Cravos) influenciou a evolução da contabilidade em Portugal, e de matérias afins (auditoria, fiscalidade e direito), da profissão e do ensino, no período 1974–2024. A metodologia assenta numa revisão de literatura e na consulta de legislação, normativos e documentos profissionais relevantes, complementadas por um testemunho reflexivo do autor enquanto cidadão e profissional que acompanhou parte substancial do período em análise. Os resultados indicam que a Revolução dos Cravos atuou como catalisador de mudanças mais rápidas e abrangentes do que seria expectável apenas pela passagem do tempo: consolidou-se a normalização, intensificou-se o alinhamento com referenciais europeus e internacionais e fortaleceram-se estruturas e práticas profissionais na contabilidade e na auditoria. Em paralelo, a fiscalidade e o direito empresarial conheceram reformas profundas, impulsionadas pela abertura externa e pela integração europeia, com reflexos diretos no reporte contabilístico. Conclui-se que a Revolução dos Cravos, ao ampliar a liberdade, o debate e a reorganização institucional, criou condições para uma modernização necessária, acelerada e evolutiva do sistema contabilístico português. Abstract: The aim of this historical essay is to analyze to what extent the Revolution of 25 April 1974 (the Carnation Revolution) influenced the development of accounting in Portugal, and related fields (auditing, taxation and law), as well as the profession and education, over the period 1974–2024. The methodology is based on a literature review and on the examination of relevant legislation, standards and professional documents, complemented by the author’s reflective testimony as a citizen and professional who followed a substantial part of the period under analysis. The findings indicate that the Carnation Revolution acted as a catalyst for changes that were faster and more wide-ranging than would be expected merely from the passage of time: standardization was consolidated, alignment with European and international frameworks intensified, and professional structures and practices in accounting and auditing were strengthened. In parallel, taxation and corporate law underwent profound reforms, driven by external opening and European integration, with direct effects on accounting reporting. It is concluded that the Carnation Revolution, by expanding freedom, debate and institutional reorganization, created the conditions for a necessary, accelerated and evolutionary modernization of the Portuguese accounting system.
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