Characterization of acute renal failure due to cisplatin in cancer patients

Introduction. Cisplatin is the most nephrotoxic antineoplastic drug and the main cause of acute renal failure in cancer patients. Aim. To characterize acute renal failure due to cisplatin in oncology patients treated in the Nephrology clinic belonging to the “III Congreso” Hospital in the period 2020-2022. Method. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in oncological patients with acute renal failure due to cisplatin, belonging to the Nephrology clinic of Hospital III Congreso, Pinar del Río city, during the period 2020-2022. Variables were defined as: sex, age, presence of active oncological disease, presence of acute renal failure, stage of acute renal failure, urinary volume, urinary sediment, risk factors. The universe was made up of 52 patients, taking as a sample 23 who met the inclusion criteria. The collection of information took into account theoretical, empirical and statistical methods. Results. Male patients aged ≥ 60 years predominated. There was a higher frequency of active neoplastic disease in relation to ARF. Patients who presented ARF predominated for 52.17% and in Stage II of the disease, with a urinary volume of 0.5-3 L/24 hours. Active urinary sediment predominated for 52.17%. Hypovolemia was the risk factor most associated with ARF, for 39.13%. Conclusions. Acute kidney damage, both functional and structural, should be studied more precisely in a cancer patient subjected to toxic drug attacks, in order to prevent kidney consequences.