Health strategies against multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the Argentine context

Introduction:Since 2010, Argentina has faced significant challenges in tackling multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), especially in adolescents and children. Despite the legal framework established by National Law No. 24,695, inequalities persisted in the application of public policies, hindering the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease throughout the country. Development:The epidemiological situation of MDR-TB worsened due to therapeutic abandonment, the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the limited availability of rapid diagnostics. Although tools such as GeneXpert and Genotype MTBDRplus were incorporated, their coverage was limited. In terms of treatment, Argentina adopted standardized regimens recommended by the WHO, but these proved to be lengthy and ineffective in pediatric populations. The use of modern drugs such as bedaquiline and linezolid was promoted, although access to them was restricted. The specific needs of children and adolescents were not adequately addressed, despite the enactment of Law No. 26,061. On the other hand, Resolution No. 680/2022 promoted shorter and oral regimens, and the psychosocial impact of treatment was recognized, although without concrete comprehensive strategies. Conclusion: Although regulatory and technical advances have been made, Argentina still needs to consolidate effective policies to guarantee an equitable approach to MDR-TB in vulnerable populations. Only a coordinated strategy, based on scientific evidence and rights, will be able to transform the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis and ensure universal access to healthcare.