Physical activity in childhood: benefits, barriers, and educational strategies

Introduction: The research addressed the importance of physical activity in childhood as an essential element for comprehensive development. It was highlighted that regular exercise not only strengthened physical health but also influenced cognitive, social, and emotional well-being. From an early age, the establishment of active habits prevented chronic diseases and laid the foundations for a healthy lifestyle, with immediate and long-term benefits. Development: Physical activity was defined as any bodily movement that increased energy expenditure above the basal level. In children aged 5 to 10, regular exercise promoted motor development, coordination, balance, and flexibility, as well as strengthening the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscular systems. The literature showed that physically active children achieved greater self-esteem, confidence, and social interaction skills. Academically, physical activity was associated with better school performance, greater concentration, and a greater willingness to learn. However, limitations persisted, such as a lack of resources, time, and teacher training, as well as differing attitudes among parents and educators. In response, schools became key spaces for implementing physical education programs, extracurricular activities, and active recess, contributing to the creation of a culture oriented toward well-being. Conclusions: The study concluded that physical activity in childhood was a decisive factor for health and comprehensive education. Overcoming structural and cultural barriers required the joint commitment of families, teachers, and authorities. Thus, promoting physical activity in children not only had an impact in the present but also projected lasting benefits for future quality of life.