Impact of Gestational Diabetes on Maternal and Fetal Health: Prevalence, Risks and Interdisciplinary Treatment

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has established itself as a global epidemic, with increasing prevalence worldwide. In 2017, approximately 425 million people were diagnosed with DM, a figure that is expected to increase to 629 million by 2045. Among the main complications of DM, gestational diabetes (GD) is one of the most relevant, especially because of its long-term consequences for both the mother and the fetus. In this context, early identification and timely treatment of GD are crucial to avoid metabolic and obstetric complications. Development: Gestational diabetes is one of the most frequent complications in pregnancy, with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 1 to 14%. In Argentina, 4.7% of pregnant women present GD. This condition increases the risk of complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal macrosomia and congenital malformations. In the long term, the mother may develop type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while the child is more likely to suffer from obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes later in life. Early care and proper management are essential to prevent these complications. Gestational diabetes poses a significant risk to maternal and fetal health, both in the short and long term. Early diagnosis and timely treatment, supported by an interdisciplinary team, are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of this disease. The active participation of nursing is essential in the management of GD, ensuring the correct care and follow-up of patients. It is necessary to prioritize the prevention and adequate treatment of GD in public health, given its magnitude and long-term consequences for families