HIV Epidemiology in an At-Risk Population: Findings and Prevention Strategies

HIV infection remains a major public health challenge, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. Late diagnosis and underdiagnosis contribute to the spread of the virus and hinder timely access to treatment. In this context, the study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of students, faculty, and other members of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Esmeraldas campus, who voluntarily participated, in order to assess the effectiveness of preventive strategies. A cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was conducted at the university, where 212 participants underwent fourth-generation rapid tests for the detection of the HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1/2 antibodies as part of an awareness and prevention campaign. All participants tested negative for the combination of the p24 antigen and HIV-1/2 antibodies. A low detection rate was observed in the university population evaluated. Conclusions: The low prevalence of HIV in the university population does not eliminate the need to maintain and strengthen screening and education strategies. Collaboration between community service students and the Ministry of Public Health is essential to expand diagnostic coverage and facilitate early interventions.