Complications of thyroid surgery in the surgery department of the León Cuervo Rubio Hospital

Introduction: thyroid gland diseases have increased in recent times and with it the number of patients operated on, in most cases total thyroidectomies have been performed, bringing with them complications associated with the surgical technique. Objective: to evaluate the complications of endocrine surgery of the thyroid gland in the Surgery Department of the “León Cuervo Rubio” Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Pinar del Río between 2022 and February 2023. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on 117 patients with thyroid gland conditions who received surgical treatment. A data collection model was created for the variables: age, sex, thyroid condition, type of surgical intervention, complications, surgical technique and prolongation of thyroid tissue. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used, and percentage calculations were made. Results: The most frequent age group was 41-50 years (25.64%), with a predominance of females (84.61%). Malignant conditions (38.46%), the most frequent surgical intervention, total thyroidectomy (79.48%); 8 patients presented postoperative complications (6.83%). The most frequent was hypoparathyroidism (2.56%), followed by unilateral recurrent lesion (1.70%), 21 patients presented endothoracic or submaxillary prolongation (17.94%) only one presented temporary hypoparathyroidism, two died as a result of undifferentiated carcinoma, in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: thyroid surgery requires the expertise of the surgeon, which would reduce the most frequent complications, which are hypoparathyroidism and recurrent injury.