Phytosanitary barriers and Peruvian agricultural exports, 2012-2019

The study analyzes how phytosanitary barriers influence Peruvian agricultural exports from 2012 to 2019, focusing on grapes, asparagus and avocados. Its main objective is to identify these relationships in order to understand the impact of such regulations on exports. Methodologically, it is a basic, quantitative and explanatory study, with longitudinal design and hypothetico-deductive method, using secondary data from official sources such as SUNAT and the Central Reserve Bank. The results reveal that phytosanitary barriers explain 93.6% of the variability in overall agricultural exports, highlighting their positive impact by improving product quality and facilitating access to international markets. However, their influence varies according to the product: in grapes, they have a minimal incidence (1.6% in FOB value), while in asparagus and avocados they have a moderate impact on the volume exported (55.4% and 90%, respectively). These findings underscore the importance of regulations to guarantee safety and quality, although other factors such as international demand and trade agreements are also determining factors. In conclusion, phytosanitary barriers, although they represent challenges, act as catalysts to strengthen the competitiveness of the Peruvian agricultural sector by encouraging compliance with international standards and promoting innovation in production processes. This positions Peru as a reliable exporter in the global market and highlights the need to diversify markets and strengthen the sector's capabilities.