Determining the Predominant Materials for Triboelectric Nanogenerator Fabrication: A Bibliometric and a Systematic Analysis

Introduction: Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained considerable attention as efficient energy-harvesting devices based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction. Their performance is highly dependent on the materials used, which influence charged generation efficiency, durability, and application potential. Despite significant advancements in material design, a comprehensive analysis of the most frequently used materials and their impact on output performance remains limited. Methods: A bibliometric and systematic review was conducted to identify the predominant materials in TENG fabrication. Data was collected from Scopus and Web of Science, analyzing publication trends, material co-occurrence, and performance metrics. A co-occurrence network analysis was performed using VOSviewer, and experimental studies were systematically reviewed to evaluate the correlation between material selection and output voltage (Voc). Results: The analysis revealed that PTFE, FEP, PVDF, PDMS, and carbon-based nanomaterials are the most frequently utilized materials due to their high triboelectric polarity and electrical stability. The highest reported Voc values exceeded 400 V, with hybrid materials, nanostructured interfaces, and electrode engineering significantly enhancing TENG performance. Additionally, China, the United States, and South Korea were identified as the leading contributors to TENG research. Conclusions: This study quantitatively assesses TENG material trends and their impact on electrical performance. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and engineers working on next-generation TENGs, facilitating the optimization of material selection for self-powered devices and large-scale energy harvesting applications.