Career Readiness: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

This study investigates the career readiness of economics education students by examining four critical constructs: digital literacy, entrepreneurial mindset, employability skills, and ICT skills. Adopting a quantitative approach, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out during the pilot test stage with 120 students, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) involved 455 students from various regions in Indonesia. The EFA results identified 18, 13, 19, and 26 items that met the factor loading criteria for each construct. Subsequent CFA refinement reduced these to 9, 13, 15, and 22 items, respectively. The findings emphasize that career readiness in economics education is shaped by an interplay of digital competence, entrepreneurial orientation, transferable employability skills, and proficiency in ICT. These competencies serve as essential foundations for students to adapt to rapidly changing labor markets and technological transformations. More importantly, the study underscores the need to reframe the role of educators in strengthening pathways that equip students not only as job seekers but also as job creators. By integrating these dimensions into teaching and learning practices, higher education can foster graduates who are capable, adaptable, and resilient in facing future career challenges.