Application and Benefit Analysis of Multimodal Transport in Pulp Logistics

The global pulp industry depends on efficient and resilient logistics systems to ensure the timely delivery of bulk materials across international markets. Traditional single-mode transport approaches, while widely used, face limitations in cost, time, and environmental sustainability. In response, multimodal transport-integrating road, rail, maritime, and occasionally air freight-has emerged as a strategic solution that enhances efficiency while reducing risks and emissions. This review examines the application of multimodal transport in pulp logistics, outlining its operational structures, regulatory frameworks, and supporting technologies. Case studies highlight successful implementations and optimization strategies, while comparative analyses demonstrate clear advantages in cost reduction, delivery reliability, and carbon footprint mitigation. At the same time, challenges such as operational risks, coordination gaps, and policy complexities underscore the need for better digital integration and regulatory harmonization. The paper further explores emerging trends, including the use of AI, blockchain, IoT, and green logistics strategies, offering strategic recommendations for pulp producers, logistics providers, and policymakers. Overall, multimodal transport not only addresses the pressing inefficiencies of traditional logistics but also positions the pulp industry to align with future demands for digitalization and sustainability.