Bacteriophage Therapy as an Alternative to Antibiotics: Exploring the Potential of Bacteriophage Therapy in Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance (Amr)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis, rendering many frontline antibiotics ineffective and threatening the management of infectious diseases. The continued emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens necessitates the development of alternative antimicrobial strategies. Bacteriophage therapy, which involves the use of bacteriophages—viruses that selectively infect and lyse bacteria—has re-emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to its high specificity, self-replicating nature, and minimal disturbance to the host microbiome. This study explores the therapeutic potential of phage therapy in combating AMR by analyzing recent developments in phage biology, genetic engineering, delivery methods, and clinical applications. Through a meta-analysis of current literature and comparative case studies, this paper evaluates the efficacy of phage therapy against MDR pathogens relative to traditional antibiotics. Tables summarizing clinical outcomes and formulation techniques provide insight into practical implementations. While challenges such as regulatory frameworks, resistance to phages, and production standardization remain, the evidence supports the integration of bacteriophage therapy into modern antimicrobial protocols. The study concludes that with continued research, policy support, and technological advancement, bacteriophage therapy could serve as a sustainable and effective response to the AMR crisis.