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Wie entscheiden Initiatoren und Backer im Reward based Crowdfunding? – Theoretische Erklärungsansätze ihres Verhaltens

Author

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  • Reinhard Schulte
  • Katrin Kizilkan

Abstract

Die Crowdfunding-Forschung gilt als theoriearm und anwendungsgetrieben. Ihr wird vorgeworfen, von deskriptiven Beiträgen und praktischen Leitfäden dominiert zu sein. Der Beitrag widmet sich daher einer ­Bestandsaufnahme des Theorieeinsatzes anhand einschlägiger wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Am Beispiel des Reward based Crowdfunding und mit Bezug auf Theorien zur Erklärung des Entscheidungsverhaltens der beteiligten Akteure wird im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturanalyse untersucht, welche Theorien das Entscheidungsverhalten beim Reward based Crowdfunding erklären.Reward based Crowdfunding (RbCf.) stellt die beiden im wesentlichen daran beteiligten Parteien, nämlich Initiatoren und Backer, vor zahlreiche Entscheidungen. Initiatoren wägen ab, ob RbCf. als Finanzierungs- und Vertriebskanal geeignet ist und wie sie ihre Kampagne gestalten sollen, u.a. durch Auswahl einer Plattform, der Leistungspräsentation und der begleitenden Kommunikationsaktivitäten. Backer hingegen entscheiden vor allem darüber, ob, was und in welchem Umfang sie bestellen.Ziel des Beitrages ist es, die verwendeten Theorien zu identifizieren und zu priorisieren, ihre Verbindungen zu RbCf. aufzuzeigen sowie ihre Beiträge zur Erklärung realer Beobachtungen darzustellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Forschung ein sehr breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Theoriestränge heranzieht, sich dabei aber insbesondere auf die Signaling Theory, die Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens, die Theorie der sozialen Identität, die Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology und die Sozialkapitaltheorie bezieht. Trans-Abstract: Crowdfunding research has a reputation for being poor in theory and being application-oriented. It is accused of being dominated by descriptive contributions and practical guidelines. The purpose of this article is therefore to take stock of the use of theory in crowdfunding on the basis of relevant academic studies. Using the example of reward-based crowdfunding and with reference to theories that explain the decision-making behaviour of the actors involved, a systematic literature analysis is used to examine which theories explain the decision-making behaviour in reward-based crowdfunding.Reward based crowdfunding confronts the two main parties involved, namely initiators and backers, with numerous decisions. The initiators have to consider the suitability of rewards-based crowdfunding as a financing and distribution channel and how to structure their campaign, e. g. by choosing a platform, the presentation of services and the accompanying communication activities. Backers, on the other hand, primarily decide whether, what and how much to order.The aim of the paper is to identify and prioritise the theories used, to show their links to reward-based crowdfunding and to present their contributions to explaining real observations. The results show that the research draws on a very wide range of different theoretical strands, but in particular on Signaling Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Social Identity Theory, Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use, and Social Capital Theory.

Suggested Citation

  • Reinhard Schulte & Katrin Kizilkan, 2024. "Wie entscheiden Initiatoren und Backer im Reward based Crowdfunding? – Theoretische Erklärungsansätze ihres Verhaltens," ZfKE – Zeitschrift für KMU und Entrepreneurship, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 72(1), pages 23-50.
  • Handle: RePEc:dah:aeqzfk:v72_y2024_i1_q1_p23-50
    DOI: 10.3790/zfke.72.1.23
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